Can humans become immortal?

James (No)

From the moment humans are born, we're dying. Yet, the deep desire for immortality has captured human imagination for centuries. However, the stark realities of biology and the rules of our universe make the goal of achieving eternal life a mere pipedream. One obstacle humans have between them, and immortality is the principle of entropy and decay, an inherent law of nature dictating that all systems tend toward disorder over time. Biologically, this translates to the inevitable breakdown of bodily functions and structures, making everlasting preservation impossible. No matter how advanced medical science becomes, the relentless march of entropy—the gradual, inevitable decline of all physical matter—ensures that biological systems eventually succumb to decay. 

Furthermore, genetic limitations place constraints on the potential for human immortality. Our biological programming includes mechanisms like telomeres—protective caps at the ends of chromosomes—which gradually shorten with each cell division. This process eventually leads to cellular senescence and death, limiting the capacity for indefinite cellular regeneration. Despite efforts to manipulate genes or develop regenerative therapies, these genetic barriers make it impossible to achieve immortality.

Environmental factors also play a critical role in thwarting the quest for immortality. Humans are constantly exposed to various hazards, such as radiation, toxins, and pollutants, which accelerate cellular damage and increase disease susceptibility. Despite advancements in healthcare and environmental protection, these factors continue to undermine the potential for longevity. Moreover, the finite nature of resources in the universe imposes insurmountable constraints on sustaining life indefinitely. From energy to nutrients to living space, resources are limited and cannot support the lasting existence of all beings. While humans may strive to extend their lifespan through science and technology, true immortality remains an elusive dream, constrained by the immutable laws of nature and the cosmos.

Elliot (Yes)

Yes, scientists are hopeful that through new exploratory innovations and AI technology, humans can become immortal. Given the exponential advancements in human technology (both medical and biotech), it is a near-inevitable development we can look forward to seeing. Not within 10 years, and perhaps not even within 100 years, but eventually—yes! We already know the specific genetic factors that cause us to age, and knowing this is half the battle. All that remains is to address and eliminate these genetic factors. We also know that some creatures are immortal, such as the jellyfish-type creature called the Turritopsis Dohrnii. Nature, therefore, has shown us that immortality is possible. 

There are no energy or resource restrictions that would prevent this development. Even if death ceases to become a part of human life, our planet could still sustain us. Remember, the entire human population could fit into the state of Texas with enough living space. Immortality need not come at the cost of sustainability. 

The fear of death is a major motivating factor for humanity. War (or the fear of dying to the enemy) has forced us to invent modern technological achievements. The fear of death will undoubtedly spark similar innovation. One possibility involves transplanting the brain and spine into a cybernetic body/shell. According to the National Institutes of Health, a brain transplant is “technically feasible.” When you consider the barriers to immortality and pit them against humanity’s relentless innovation and technological advances, immortality is a question of “when” and not “if.”